A toothache is pain in or around one or more of your teeth and can range from minor to severe. Some toothaches can be treated at home while others require a dentist’s intervention.

Types of toothache

There are different causes of toothaches, but your symptoms and level of experienced pain can vary. Symptoms of a toothache can include:

• A dull ache
• Sudden, sharp, jabbing pain
• Throbbing pain, with or without swelling
• Extra sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures
• Aching or swollen gums
• Bad breath
• Headaches
• Ear pain
• Fever and chills
• Pain with biting or pressure

How do you get a toothache?

You get a toothache when the innermost layer of your tooth, called dental pulp, and surrounding structures become inflamed. From physical trauma to a buildup of bacteria and plaque, there are many potential causes of inflammation and toothaches, including:

• Teeth grinding or clenching
• Gum disease 
• Cavities and tooth decay
• Dental abscess/infection
• Tooth injury/trauma
• Cracked or fractured teeth
• Damaged fillings or crowns
• Sinus and ear infections
• Getting hit in the jaw or teeth 
• Chewing on hard items (e.g., pen caps, ice, hard candies)
• Poor oral hygiene
• Problems with the jaw joints (TMJ)

When should you see a dentist for a toothache?

Toothaches can be a sign of a dental problem and may lead to serious complications if left untreated. If experiencing severe pain, visit your dentist immediately. You should also see your dentist if the toothache:

• Is accompanied by a fever.
• Lasts more than two days.
• Causes swelling in your face or jaw.
• Creates pain when you open your mouth wide.
• Occurs after traumatic injury or sudden impact.

At your appointment, your dentist will examine your entire mouth, make a diagnosis, and recommend treatment.

How do you stop a toothache? What are some ways to relieve pain?

There are many ways to manage a toothache, depending on its cause and severity. You can:

• Take pain medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can reduce discomfort and are as effective as prescription opioid medications in most situations. 
• Use an ice pack: Apply to the outside of the cheek to reduce swelling.
• Avoid very hot and cold foods and drinks: These can aggravate the inflamed tooth.
• Eat soft foods: Greek yogurt, scrambled eggs, and whole-grain oatmeal are all soft and provide nutritional benefits. Make sure you wash them down with plenty of water.
• Use special toothpaste: Toothpaste for sensitive teeth may help block the pain. 
• Try a topical pain reliever: Applying a topical pain reliever to the affected tooth and surrounding gums can help numb the pain.
• Try natural remedies: Rinsing your mouth with saltwater or dabbing the inflamed area with clove oil may reduce inflammation.
• See your dentist: If the pain worsens, is already severe, or does not go away after two or more days, then consult your dentist for help with treatment and pain relief.

Remember, these methods only provide temporary relief. A dental visit is crucial to address the root cause of the toothache and prevent further complications.

How long does a toothache last?

A toothache can last from a day to several weeks, depending on the underlying cause. If it’s caused by temporary gum irritation, then the toothache may go away on its own. However, if the toothache is caused by a cavity or abscess, then it won’t go away on its own and will require professional dental treatment. It’s important to see your dentist if pain persists or worsens over time.   

How do you prevent a toothache?

Sometimes the cause of a toothache is out of your control. However, you can reduce your risk for developing a toothache with certain smile-friendly behaviors:

• Brush twice each day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss daily or use a water or air flosser to clean between your teeth.
• Replace your toothbrush every three months or sooner if it looks frayed.
• Limit sugary foods and drinks.
• Ask your dentist about dental sealants or fluoride treatments to see if they would be helpful.
• Use a mouth guard, helmet, or other gear to protect your mouth during sports and physical activities.

Take care of your toothache

Tooth pain is a symptom that is telling you something is not quite right. Be sure to monitor any toothaches and consult your dentist if home remedies are not working, the pain lasts two or more days, or it worsens over time. Your dentist can pinpoint the cause of the ache and recommend treatment or prescribe medication to relieve the pain.